* Utilitarianism: He was a strong advocate for utilitarianism, believing that the best action is the one that maximizes happiness for the greatest number of people. This philosophy influenced his views on ethics, government, and social policy.
* Individual Liberty: Mill strongly believed in the importance of individual liberty and freedom of thought and expression. He argued against government interference in personal lives and advocated for a society that allows for diverse opinions and beliefs. This is famously captured in his work "On Liberty," which argued for a "harm principle" - the idea that individuals should be free to act as they please, as long as they do not harm others.
* Limited Government: While supporting democracy, Mill was wary of excessive government power. He believed that government should be limited in its scope and function, focusing on protecting individual rights and providing essential services. He advocated for a system of checks and balances and believed in the importance of a free and independent press to hold government accountable.
* Women's Rights: Mill was a staunch advocate for women's rights, arguing for equal opportunities in education, employment, and political participation. He believed that women were intellectually equal to men and should not be excluded from society or the workforce.
* Education: Mill believed that education was crucial for individual development and societal progress. He advocated for a comprehensive system of public education that would equip individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to participate fully in a democratic society.
These are just a few of the many beliefs held by John Stuart Mill. His ideas continue to be influential today, shaping debates about individual liberty, social justice, and the role of government in society.