On Land:
* Walking: This was the most common form of travel for the majority of the population. It was slow and tiring, but often the only option.
* Horses: Wealthier individuals rode horses for journeys of varying lengths. These could be private horses or hired from an inn. Horse-drawn carriages were also starting to appear, but they were expensive and only used by the very wealthy.
* Wagons: Goods were transported by wagons, often pulled by oxen or horses. These were slow and often uncomfortable, but provided a way to move goods over long distances.
By Sea:
* Ships: Sea travel was essential for trade and exploration. Ships were often slow and dangerous, especially in rough seas.
* Barges: These were flat-bottomed boats used for transporting goods and people along rivers and canals.
Other:
* Litters: These were enclosed palanquins carried by two or more people. They were used by the wealthy and infirm to travel over short distances.
* Sedans: These were enclosed chairs carried by two men. They were used by wealthy individuals for short trips in towns and cities.
Challenges of Travel:
* Roads: Roads were poorly maintained and often muddy and dangerous.
* Weather: Travel could be disrupted by bad weather, making journeys unpredictable and sometimes dangerous.
* Bandits: Travelers were vulnerable to bandits, especially in remote areas.
Overall:
Travel in the Elizabethan era was a challenging experience, requiring patience, resilience, and often a good deal of money. It was a far cry from the ease and speed of modern transportation.