His satirical writings: Voltaire was a master of satire, and he used his sharp wit to criticize the French government, the Catholic Church, and other powerful institutions. His writings often angered those in power, who saw him as a threat to their authority.
His support for religious toleration: Voltaire was a strong advocate for religious toleration, and he argued that people should be free to worship as they pleased. This put him at odds with the Catholic Church, which was the official religion of France.
His support for freedom of speech: Voltaire believed that freedom of speech was essential for a free society, and he defended this right even when it meant criticizing those in power. This outspokenness often got him into trouble with the authorities.
His influence on the French Revolution: Voltaire's ideas had a profound influence on the French Revolution, and he is considered one of the intellectual fathers of the revolution. This association made him a target for the French government, which saw him as a dangerous radical.
As a result of these factors, Voltaire was forced to spend much of his life in exile. He lived in England, Prussia, and Switzerland, among other places. He was also imprisoned in the Bastille for a time. Despite the challenges he faced, Voltaire never stopped writing and fighting for his beliefs.