Military:
* Leading armies in war: Dukes were expected to provide troops and fight for their king in times of conflict. They often led their own armies and were responsible for the defense of their duchy.
* Maintaining a strong military force: This involved overseeing training, equipping, and managing their own troops.
* Fortifying castles and cities: Dukes were responsible for the protection of their territory, which often meant building and maintaining fortifications.
Political:
* Governing their duchy: Dukes had considerable autonomy in governing their territory. They collected taxes, appointed officials, and enforced laws.
* Advising the king: Dukes were often consulted on important matters of state, and their opinions carried significant weight.
* Representing the king: Dukes acted as the king's representatives in their duchy, carrying out his commands and policies.
* Maintaining order and justice: Dukes were responsible for upholding the law and resolving disputes within their territory.
* Developing their duchy: Dukes encouraged trade, agriculture, and other economic activities to promote prosperity within their lands.
Social:
* Patron of the arts and culture: Many Dukes were patrons of the arts, sponsoring artists, musicians, and scholars.
* Holding court: Dukes hosted grand ceremonies and celebrations, where they entertained guests and reinforced their authority.
Other responsibilities:
* Administering justice: Dukes oversaw the legal system within their duchy.
* Building infrastructure: Dukes commissioned bridges, roads, and other infrastructure projects to improve their territory.
* Managing finances: Dukes were responsible for the financial well-being of their duchy and often had to balance their budget.
Important to note: Dukes were not above the king, and their power was ultimately derived from the king. However, they were still powerful figures in their own right, and their influence could be considerable. They were often seen as powerful and influential figures within their own duchy and beyond.