However, they are symbolic of real-world conflicts and the way totalitarian regimes use war to control their populations:
* Endless War: The constant state of war in Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia serves as a tool to maintain a perpetual state of fear and anxiety. This helps the Party consolidate power and distract the populace from their own suffering.
* Propaganda and Control: The wars are portrayed as necessary for the survival of the nation and the Party uses them to justify its oppressive policies and control over information.
* Internal Conflict: While the wars are presented as external threats, they also symbolize the internal conflicts within Oceania, particularly the conflict between the individual and the Party.
Orwell's intention was not to portray specific historical conflicts, but to use the concept of war as a metaphor for the dangers of totalitarianism and the manipulation of information. He was drawing parallels to the totalitarian regimes of his time, such as Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia, which used war and propaganda to maintain their grip on power.
So, while the wars in *Nineteen Eighty-Four* are fictional, they are very much rooted in the real-world experiences and observations of the author.