The plant Cyperus papyrus was first used to make writing material more than 4,000 years ago in ancient Egypt. It was commonly exported to ancient Greece and Rome. However, most ancient papyri still in existence have been found in the deserts of Egypt, because the humidity at other ancient sites made the papyri disintegrate over time.
Papyrus continued to be used as Egypt's primary writing material until the Arabs introduced paper approximately 1,000 years ago.
Although we commonly think of papyrus as a writing material, the ancient Egyptians also used it for such diverse products as mattresses, boats and sandals.
In ancient times, the papyrus plant grew throughout the Nile Delta of Egypt, although it is now extinct in the wild. It can still be found growing wild at other sites in Africa but is also cultivated in Egypt on a limited scale.
Thousands of papyri, including extremely valuable literary works, have been excavated from a gigantic garbage dump in the ancient town of Oxyrhynchus, in Upper Egypt.