Conflicts come from many places in life, and there are three in particular that appear more often than any others in stories. The first major type of conflict is the classic conflict between the heart and mind. The protagonist who is torn between right and wrong has become an archetype. Another human is also a common source of conflict; person versus person is an obvious type of conflict that will live on as long as multiple humans do. The last major kind of conflict within stories is that of the supernatural; the unknown is a conflict within humans themselves as well as without. Humans have always been afraid of what they do not or cannot understand and it is not surprising then that protagonists face anything from ghosts and aliens to natural disasters that some claim to be God's work.
Values vary depending on the story and age. Virtues such as truth and honesty as well as value like teamwork and optimism are commonly found in children's and young adult stories. Morals are often taught through conflict resolution. Young adult fiction usually deals with adult content and how a younger protagonist deals with things like death, sexual assault and drugs. Because of this a lot of young adult fiction addresses values of truth, right, wrong and the lines that divide them.
In adult stories, values often become skewed. Events and choices often become less black and white, more gray and more ambiguous. Even so, values of morality and social norms are some of the most common values touched upon in adult fiction. Similar to young adult fiction, many books address issues of right and wrong but gives more power up to the reader to decide which side of the line they should be on. Unlike adolescent literature that deals with social values, adult literature usually deals more in legal ethics, philosophical inquiry that delves into existentialism, nihilism and intelligent design. For a more extensive list of values see the References section.