A book proposal consists of a cover letter, sample chapters and a synopsis. The cover letter is one single-spaced page that contains the name, genre, word count and a brief description of the book. If you have publishing credits or special knowledge about the novel's subject, mention them in the cover letter.
The first three chapters of the book allow an agent to get a feel for your writing style and voice, the tone and setting of the book, and to assess the strength of your characterization and pacing. Make sure the chapters are perfect.
A synopsis is a chronological outline of the major turning points in the book. It is written in present tense and does not need to reflect the style or voice of the author.
Writers organizations, published authors and Internet services such as Writers Market (see weblinks below) are ideal places to begin your agent search. Assemble a list of 10 to 20 agents who represent your genre and verify that the agents are accepting new clients.
Most agents list submission requirements on the agency's website. Submit only the documents requested and in the exact format the agency website specifies. Remember: A legitimate agent never charges a reading fee.
If an agent is interested in your work, she will request the entire novel for consideration. An unpublished author can rarely acquire an agent or sell a book based solely on the proposal. Make sure your book is complete and ready for review before you query agents. Publishing is trend-sensitive. What an editor wants to buy today might not be in demand a few months later.
When an agent is enthusiastic about your work, she will offer you representation. Prepare a list of questions about the agency contract and the agent's view of your career path. Ask the agent for client references. When you are satisfied with the agent's qualifications and her vision for your writing career, you can move forward with the agency contract. Once you have an agency contract in place, your agent will pitch your book to publishers and negotiate the sale.