Similarities:
1. Royal Figures: Both Queens Gertrude and Jocasta are queens in their respective plays, with high social status and noble birth.
2. Family Relationships: Both women have complicated relationships with their male counterparts. Gertrude is the mother of Hamlet, and Jocasta is the mother and wife of Oedipus.
3. Ignorance and Discovery: Both Queens Gertrude and Jocasta are initially unaware of certain crucial events or truths that greatly impact the plot. Gertrude is unaware of the true nature of her husband's death and Hamlet's mental state. Jocasta does not know the full story of Oedipus' identity and their shared past.
4. Tragic End: Both women ultimately meet tragic ends. Gertrude is killed by Claudius, while Jocasta takes her own life after discovering the truth about Oedipus.
Differences:
1. Moral Awareness: Gertrude is more culpable in her actions compared to Jocasta. While Gertrude knows of Claudius's crime, she chooses to remain with him, making her an accessory to his actions. Jocasta, on the other hand, is completely ignorant of the truth about Oedipus and has no part in his actions.
2. Response to Discovery: Upon discovering the truth, Gertrude expresses remorse and shame. She refers to herself as "an adulteress" and contemplates suicide. In contrast, Jocasta is driven to despair and guilt. She curses her fate and the gods for their involvement in the tragedy.
3. Relationship with the Protagonists: Gertrude's relationship with Hamlet is characterized by tension and distance due to her questionable choices. Jocasta's relationship with Oedipus, though tainted by their incestuous union, shows deeper emotional connection and sympathy for Oedipus' suffering.
4. Role in the Plot: While both queens play significant roles in their respective tragedies, Jocasta's role is more directly linked to the central conflict of Oedipus Rex. Her actions and connection to Oedipus drive the plot forward, leading to the ultimate revelation of the truth. Gertrude's role, though crucial in understanding Hamlet's mental state and the court's dynamics, has less direct impact on the main plotline.
In conclusion, Queens Gertrude and Jocasta share similarities in their royal status, familial relationships, ignorance, and tragic fates. However, they differ in their moral awareness, response to the truth, and the nature of their relationships with the protagonists, as well as their impact on the central conflicts of their respective plays.