Here's an overview of the roles of men and women in Sumer:
Men:
- Leaders and Administrators: Men held most positions of power and authority, including kings, priests, government officials, and military leaders. They were responsible for making decisions, administering justice, and leading the community.
- Economic Activities: Men were mainly engaged in agriculture, trade, and other economic pursuits outside the home. They were responsible for providing for their families and contributing to the economy of the city-state.
- Military Service: Men were expected to serve in the military to defend the city-state from attacks and conflicts. Military prowess and honor were highly valued in Sumerian society.
Women:
- Domestic Duties: Women's primary role revolved around household management, childrearing, and taking care of the domestic sphere. They were responsible for cooking, cleaning, raising children, and maintaining the household.
- Economic Activities: While most men engaged in economic activities outside the home, some women also participated in economic pursuits. They were involved in spinning, weaving, and other artisanal crafts, and some even managed their own businesses.
- Priestesses: Although it was uncommon, women could become priestesses in Sumer. They played an important role in religious ceremonies and rituals and were dedicated to the worship of various deities.
- Legal Rights: Sumerian women had certain legal rights and protections, including the ability to own property, enter into contracts, and even divorce their husbands under certain circumstances.
- Education: Formal education was mostly restricted to men, but some women received an education, especially those from wealthy or influential families.
It's worth noting that these roles and responsibilities were generalizations, and there was some flexibility and exceptions in certain cases. As Sumerian society evolved, so too did the roles and opportunities for both men and women.