- Walls: Cave walls can be smooth or rough, and may be covered in stalactites, stalagmites, and other mineral deposits.
- Ceilings: Cave ceilings can be high or low, and may be covered in stalactites, stalagmites, and other mineral deposits.
- Floors: Cave floors can be covered in sediment, such as sand, gravel, or mud. They may also be covered in water, forming underground lakes or rivers.
- Entrances: Cave entrances can be large or small, and may be located on the side of a hill, at the bottom of a sinkhole, or underwater.
- Exit: Not all caves have obvious exit, some caves may have multiple exits, while others may only have one.
Caves can also contain a variety of life forms, including bats, salamanders, spiders, and insects. Some caves are also home to prehistoric paintings and other artifacts, making them important archaeological sites.