1. Religious Leadership:
- Priests served as intermediaries between the gods and humans. They were responsible for performing religious ceremonies, rituals, and sacrifices to please the deities and ensure their blessings.
2. Temple Management:
- Priests managed the temples, which were the central religious institutions in Sumerian cities. They oversaw the daily operations, including the maintenance of temple buildings and the care of religious artifacts.
3. Astrologers and Astronomers:
- Many priests were skilled in astronomy and astrology. They observed celestial bodies to predict events, make calendars, and determine auspicious times for various activities.
4. Educators:
- Temples served as centers of learning, and priests were often responsible for educating young scribes and priests. They taught subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, astronomy, and religious texts.
5. Legal and Administrative Roles:
- In addition to their religious duties, priests also held administrative positions in Sumerian society. They were involved in legal matters, settling disputes, and maintaining law and order.
6. Political Influence:
- Priests had a profound influence on political matters. They advised rulers on religious and moral issues, and their support was often crucial for the legitimacy of a ruler's authority.
7. Social Welfare:
- Temples often served as centers of social welfare, providing food and shelter to the poor and disadvantaged. Priests played a vital role in managing these social services.
8. Spiritual Guidance:
- Priests offered spiritual guidance and counseling to individuals and families, providing comfort and assistance during times of crisis and uncertainty.
9. Preservation of Knowledge:
- Priests were responsible for preserving and transmitting religious texts, historical records, and cultural knowledge through writing and oral traditions.
10. Cultural Heritage:
- Priests played a central role in preserving and promoting Sumerian cultural heritage, including music, art, literature, and religious traditions.
Overall, priests held positions of great respect and authority in Sumerian civilization. They were influential figures who shaped the religious, intellectual, social, and political aspects of Sumerian society.