Here's how:
* Clerical Reform: He replaced the Patriarchate, the highest position in the Russian Orthodox Church, with the Holy Synod, a council of bishops appointed by the Tsar. This effectively placed the church under the control of the state.
* Secularization of Church Lands: He confiscated much of the church's land, which had been a major source of wealth and power. This transfer of land to the state helped fund his ambitious reforms and projects.
* Control over Church Appointments: He gained control over the appointment of bishops and other high-ranking church officials. This allowed him to ensure the church's loyalty and prevent any potential challenges to his authority.
* Restriction of Church Influence: He limited the church's role in public life, restricting its influence on education and other aspects of society. He also introduced regulations aimed at controlling monasticism.
* Promotion of Western Influence: He encouraged the adoption of Western European ideas and practices, which often clashed with traditional Orthodox values. This led to a decline in the church's cultural influence.
It's important to note that Peter the Great was not outright hostile to the Russian Orthodox Church. He saw it as a crucial tool for maintaining social order and promoting his vision for a modernized Russia. He even patronized religious institutions and actively participated in church ceremonies. However, he was determined to ensure that the church remained subordinate to the state.
By implementing these measures, Peter the Great significantly reduced the power and autonomy of the Russian Orthodox Church. This allowed him to solidify his own authority and to implement his ambitious reforms without facing significant religious opposition.