TLC states that potters use electric kilns the most out of all the different types of kilns available. Electric kilns have dependable results with glazed pottery, because the kilns continuously fire in oxidation. With the oxygen inside the kiln always in a controlled setting, potters can consistently reproduce a particular glazing effect. Electric kilns come in small and large sizes, with some kilns little enough to plug into a 120-volt wall socket.
Gas kilns produce unique pieces of pottery. The kiln utilizes natural gas and fire in reduction to heat a piece. Reduction in ceramics is when the kiln receives no oxygen. Although results are irregular with this firing method, the pottery does come out looking distinct each time. The work typically takes on more rich and earthy colors. Also, according to the Blue Morning Gallery website, artists who use gas kilns produce low levels of pollution.
Wood kilns have existed for thousands of years. Fueled by wood, the kilns require a considerable amount of hands-on work. The artists need to stoke and refuel the kiln’s fire to ensure the wood stays at high temperatures. The kilns need to be monitored during the entire process, which can take three times longer than with a gas or electric kiln. Even with the extra time involved, many artisans value the wood kilns, because they create a distinct glaze from the wood ash that lands on the pottery during the firing process.
Salt and raku kilns are specialized kilns that create different glazing and surface effects. Salt kilns create a rough glaze due to the salt that is added during the last firing stage. According to TLC, the salt experiences a chemical reaction from the heat and leaves a deposit on the pottery. Stoneware pieces are often produced in salt kilns. Pottery fired in raku kilns is heated until it is glowing. Artists then remove the pieces with tongs. Once the pottery has cooled, it takes on a crackle look after it is placed in cold water. Parts of the pottery that were not glazed have a metallic finish.