The Sistine Chapel ceiling is the work of Michelangelo, and he used fresco, a technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster. This is a technique that requires a rapid and skillful application of paint, as the plaster dries quickly.
The Sistine Madonna, however, is a tempera on canvas painting. It was painted by Raphael on a canvas, using a combination of pigments mixed with egg yolk and water. This is a technique that allows for a more detailed and refined approach than fresco.