The textile industry was one of the first modern industries in India. It began in the early 19th century with the establishment of cotton mills in Bombay (now Mumbai) and Calcutta (now Kolkata). These mills used imported machinery and employed large numbers of workers. The industry grew rapidly, and by the end of the 19th century, India was the second largest producer of cotton textiles in the world.
2. Iron and Steel Industry
The iron and steel industry also developed in the early 19th century. The first iron and steel works was established in 1830 in Bengal. This was followed by the establishment of other works in different parts of the country. The industry grew rapidly, and by the end of the 19th century, India was producing over 1 million tons of iron and steel per year.
3. Coal Mining
Coal mining began in India in the early 19th century. The first coal mines were opened in the Raniganj Coalfields in West Bengal. This was followed by the opening of other mines in different parts of the country. The industry grew rapidly, and by the end of the 19th century, India was producing over 10 million tons of coal per year.
4. Jute Industry
The jute industry developed in the late 19th century. The first jute mill was established in 1855 in Calcutta. This was followed by the establishment of other mills in different parts of the country. The industry grew rapidly, and by the end of the 19th century, India was the largest producer of jute in the world.
These four industries were the pioneers of modern industry in India. They laid the foundation for the country's industrial development and contributed significantly to its economy.