Manifest Destiny:
This concept gained popularity in the mid-1800s, promoting the idea that the US had a divine mission to expand its territory across the North American continent. It contributed to the nation's westward expansion and the acquisition of new territories such as Texas, California, and the Southwest.
Economic Development:
As the US economy grew and industrialized, the focus shifted towards commercial interests and economic growth. The development of transportation networks, such as canals and railroads, and the growth of cities led to an emphasis on economic prosperity.
Immigration and Diversity:
The 1800s saw a surge in immigration from Europe and other parts of the world. The influx of immigrants brought new ideas, cultures, and languages, contributing to a more diverse and pluralistic society. This led to debates and discussions about assimilation, cultural preservation, and the role of immigrants in shaping the US identity.
Social Reforms:
The push for social reforms gained traction during the 1800s, particularly with regard to women's rights, abolition of slavery, and labor rights. These movements challenged existing societal norms and sought to expand the mission of the US to include greater equality and social justice.
Foreign Policy:
The US adopted a more assertive foreign policy in the late 1800s, expanding its influence beyond the Western Hemisphere. The Spanish-American War, for example, resulted in the acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam, reflecting a shift towards a more global role.
Progressive Era Reforms:
Around the turn of the 20th century, the Progressive Era brought about a renewed focus on addressing societal problems, such as poverty, corruption, and big business monopolies. Progressive reformers aimed to strengthen democracy and improve living conditions for all citizens, expanding the mission of the US to include social welfare and economic fairness.
These changes in popular thinking about the mission of the US were shaped by a combination of domestic and international factors, evolving values and priorities, and a desire to address both internal challenges and engage with the world on a larger scale.