1. Confidence and Assertiveness: Dürer presents himself with an unparalleled level of confidence and assertiveness. He stares directly at the viewer with an intense gaze, his pose upright and dignified, and his hand resting confidently on the table, almost in a gesture of ownership. This is a far cry from the more humble and introspective self-portraits of artists like Leonardo da Vinci or Raphael.
2. Self-Promotion: Dürer's self-portrait was not merely a personal record but a conscious act of self-promotion. He positioned himself as a master craftsman and intellectual equal to the great Italian masters. He chose to paint himself in the style of a High Renaissance portrait, which was usually reserved for members of the nobility or wealthy patrons. This was a bold statement of his artistic ambition and self-worth.
3. Attention to Detail: Dürer's attention to detail is meticulous, showcasing his mastery of realism and his ability to capture his own likeness with incredible accuracy. This includes the intricate folds of his clothing, the delicate brushstrokes of his beard, and the subtle play of light and shadow on his face.
4. Symbolic Meaning: The self-portrait is imbued with symbolic meaning. The inscription on the frame ("Albrecht Dürer, I made this in my 26th year") emphasizes his youthfulness while highlighting his self-awareness and ambition. The fur collar signifies his status and wealth, while the open window behind him suggests a connection to the outside world and his desire to be recognized beyond Nuremberg.
5. Departure from Traditional Iconography: Unlike many self-portraits of the time, Dürer's portrait does not depict him in the act of painting. He is presented as an individual, not just an artist. This departure from traditional iconography further underscores his ambition to be recognized for his intellectual and personal qualities, not just his skills as a craftsman.
In summary: Dürer's self-portrait was a groundbreaking work that set a new standard for self-representation in art. His self-assuredness, ambition, attention to detail, and exploration of symbolism transformed the self-portrait from a personal record to a powerful statement of artistic identity.