For sheer size and technological innovation:
* The Crystal Palace (London, 1851): This iconic structure, built entirely of glass and iron, was designed to showcase the latest advancements in industry and technology. It symbolized the Victorian era's belief in progress and the power of engineering.
* The Eiffel Tower (Paris, 1889): This towering structure, built for the Paris World's Fair, was a symbol of French engineering prowess and industrial might. Its immense height and intricate design pushed the boundaries of structural engineering.
For the rise of industrial cities and the impact on working class:
* Factory buildings: The proliferation of factories, often dark, crowded, and unsafe, is a stark reminder of the working conditions of the industrial era. Many were built in sprawling industrial cities, creating new urban landscapes.
* Tenement buildings: These cramped, multi-family dwellings were often built in poor conditions to house the influx of workers in industrial centers. They represent the material conditions of the working class in the 19th century.
For the growing wealth and power of industrialists:
* Mansions of industrialists: The grand mansions built by wealthy industrialists showcased their newfound wealth and power. These opulent structures were often filled with extravagant decorations and luxurious furnishings, reflecting the materialistic values of the time.
* Banks and financial institutions: The rise of industrialization was accompanied by the growth of financial institutions, symbolized by grand buildings constructed with marble and intricate detailing. They served as a hub for the financial activities that fueled industrial growth.
For the influence of the Victorian aesthetic:
* Victorian houses: These often ornate and elaborate houses, with intricate details and decorative elements, represent the middle-class values of the Victorian era. They showcased the growing prosperity and aspirations of the middle class.
Ultimately, the best building to illustrate 19th-century materialism and industrialization depends on the specific aspect you wish to highlight. Each building tells a story about the era's social, economic, and technological developments.