2. Magnetic Compass: This was a device used to determine direction by aligning itself with the Earth's magnetic field. It allowed Ferdinand Magellan to track his course and avoid getting lost at sea.
3. Quadrant: This was a navigational instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies above the horizon. It was used in conjunction with the astrolabe to determine latitude.
4. Cross-staff: This was a navigational instrument used to measure the angle between two objects, such as the sun and the horizon. It was used to determine latitude and longitude.
5. Sandglasses: These were used to measure time at sea. They were essential for navigation, as they allowed Magellan to keep track of his speed and distance traveled.
6. Sextant: This was a navigational instrument used to measure the angle between two objects, such as the sun and the horizon. It was used to determine latitude and longitude.
7. Lead line: This was a rope with a weight attached to the end, which was used to measure the depth of the water. It was essential for navigation, as it allowed Magellan to avoid shallow water and obstacles.