* The Battle of Bosworth Field: In 1485, Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field by Henry Tudor, who became Henry VII and founded the Tudor dynasty.
* The Protestant Reformation: A religious movement that began in the early 16th century by Martin Luther's challenge to the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. This led to the formation of Protestant churches in England and other parts of Europe, and eventually led to the English Civil War.
* The Spanish Armada: In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent a fleet of ships to invade England, but the English Navy defeated the Armada. This was a major turning point in the conflict between England and Spain, and helped establish England as a major naval power.
* The Gunpowder Plot: In 1605, a group of Catholic conspirators attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I, but the plot was discovered and the conspirators were executed. This event increased tensions between Catholics and Protestants in England.