Careful analysis of the script, discussion with stage officials, environmental considerations (venue size, lighting plans) and diligent study over production information (time period, character profiles) all contribute to the elaborate preparation a theatrical makeup artist needs to accomplish before and during the production of a play. A makeup artist can even spend hours writing makeup sheets as well as examining various photographs, sketches and plaster models in order to attain the right image portrayal for a character.
Helping someone look good “on set” is only half the battle. A theatrical makeup artist also has to be conscious of how makeup used on certain skin types might produce a chemical skin irritation, an allergic reaction or even cause a breakout of acne. The makeup artist also must be diligent about maintaining and cleaning certain set equipment, hairpieces, wigs and various prosthetic items used by people acting.
While having a beauty or cosmetology background and/or education is definitely beneficial, knowledge and experience have no substitute. What stage professionals, producers and directors look for is a theatrical makeup artist who can manage time very well and work within budgets and under extreme pressure; they also want someone who possesses a vast knowledge of the trade to adapt easily and quickly to the new demands of an ever-changing set and its characters. Someone may even start off as part of a larger design team then eventually work her way up by shadowing a more senior makeup design artist before eventually launching into a senior theatrical makeup artist role.
As in any competitive trade, the theatrical makeup artist must stay current about industry trends. He must keep up to date on the latest and greatest beauty products, makeup accessories, color and photographic special effects as well as anything else that might contribute or impact the visually aesthetic nature of an actor or actress. Knowledge alone is not enough, however; the makeup artist also must work to secure these materials and technologies should an unforeseen need arise on the stage or film set that demands a fresh approach.
As theatrical and motion picture technology continues to progress, the ever-growing knowledge base of the theatrical makeup artist also must grow and expand to accommodate these needs. The role is quickly evolving to include more technical aspects and the need to stay in constant communication with the many key individuals who comprise a successful theater or movie production.