In 1972, the first fully automated lighting system was put in place at the State Theater of Basel in Switzerland. This system utilized a punched paper tape as the controller. This system expanded upon the Mac-spot, which was the first remote-controlled lighting system. The Mac-spot offered very little in terms of features, with its only capabilities being pan and tilt control.
Over the next decade, computers were implemented as a means of controlling intelligent lighting, with the first mass-produced computer-controlled units being developed by Vari-Lite, Morpheus Lights and others.
Modern intelligent lighting systems have the capability to quickly alter their lighting characteristics. In most cases, these systems are pre-programmed into a computer program and run unassisted throughout a production. However, they do allow for manual operation if the need arises and the controller is experienced in how to maneuver the heads.
When automated, the lights are controlled by a lighting control console. This piece of equipment delivers signals to the lights through one of three different methods--analog signals, DMX and Ethernet control. These three systems represent the past, present and future (respectively) of data delivery in intelligent lighting systems.
Intelligent lighting fixtures are constructed with a variety of features designed to offer a number of different lighting opportunities and options. Some of these features include:
* Mechanical dimming capabilities
* Numerous dichroic color filters set on a color wheel for automated changes in color
* Four-bladed, automatic framing shutters
* Pattern wheels with gate shutters to alter the shape of the light beam
* High-speed steooer motors that can open and shut shutters to create a strobe effect
* Lights attached to a fully motorized yoke for better pan and tilt capabilities
* Automated pivoting mirrors to reflect the light beam along the X and Y axes
Most modern intelligent lighting kits feature arc lamps as their source of light.
Intelligent lighting is used in a wide range of applications, most commonly in theater productions, concerts and nightclubs. It is used to satisfy the need for quick progression of mood or ambiance in these and other settings. This type of lighting is not preferred for large outdoor events but there have been exceptions, like the XVIII Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia.
Just because a light head has the ability to move does not mean that it is considered intelligent lighting. Many nightclubs feature lights that move, but they aren't controlled through an independent means.