The right fixture will make or break your stage lighting. Basic fixture types include spotlights for focused lighting of individual performers or areas, floodlights for illuminating large areas, and special effects lights such as lasers, projectors and movable robotic lights. A basic lighting setup should include at least several floodlights with various colors of "gel" filters and a way to suspend and control the lights. Spots and specials can always be added later, but the primary goal is to light the stage, and floodlights will do this cheaply and efficiently. Lights are usually mounted above the stage on stands or hanging trusses for better efficiency, and are aimed at key areas of the stage to provide the desired illumination.
Lights may be kept on or switched off and on with a controller. An automatic controller may be used, with lighting sound-activated or controlled using programmed time intervals. For more professional results, a floor controller may be used for performers at theaters without a dedicated light person, or a standard controller may be used if a light person is present at the show. The industry standard for lighting connection and control is DMX 512 (Digital Multiplex), which is a low-voltage connections and control system able to handle up to 512 lighting channels. Investigate sales literature for different lighting fixtures and controllers to determine the right one for your particular use. There are many lighting packages on the market of various sizes, which include fixtures, stands and controllers. Packages are an economical choice for basic lighting setups.
Using lights as "specials" offers a number of cool lighting effects. Lighting fixtures can be placed on the floor behind performers, stage props or other obstacles to give a silhouette effect. In live music situations, "blinders," lasers, moving spotlights and strobe lights are directed at the stage or audience. Using fog enhances lighting by providing a "movable backdrop" of sorts, and floor-mounted fixtures can be used as specials to create emerging light through the fog. Use specials sparingly to enhance their effect as a "surprise" for the audience, and time their use for key points during the show. Practice using different specials during rehearsals and make note of specials that are used during your observations at live performances.
Lighting placement is paramount for good visual effects, as the main purpose of lighting is to illuminate the stage and performers. When using a larger lighting system with a controller, creating moods and effects is done in addition to basic illumination. For very basic lighting, fixtures should be placed at the front of the stage. With bigger systems, additional fixtures may be placed in the back and sides of stages, with specials and spotlights positioned and aimed at key performers or stage areas. Experiment with different light placements with the basics in mind. As your system grows, you can move beyond the basic element of illumination and get more into mood and effect lighting.