Also called a leko light, the ellipsoidal reflector spotlight is the most widely used spotlight and is the most easy to control. The lights are available in a number of sizes, described by their beam size in degrees or by their lens size and focal length. Due to its size diversity, it is able to light broad spaces or concentrated areas as needed. The light produces a round shaped light that can be altered by the shutter, an iris or gobo, items that make the beam smaller or alter the shape of the light as necessary. It is also possible to soften or sharpen the edges of the light by adjusting the position of the lens.
Fresnel lights became widely used in the 1920s and provide a specific type of light. The beams are primarily parallel rays, making it more focused than other types of spotlight. The cone is bright and sharp in the center and fades out at the edges. Today these lights are commonly used in portrait photography to highlight subjects' complexion and features. The lens serves to shape the light into a direct beam that can be made larger or smaller as needed, effectively making the light either a spot or a floodlight. When used at a distance, the light creates a sharp, smooth light that progresses subtly into shadow. Used close up, the light is a mixture of hard and soft light.
Followspot is a bit smaller than the leko, but serves a similar purpose. It projects a straight, narrow beam. It is used primarily to highlight one performer and is designed to move as needed. These lights are common in theater and other performances where characters move frequently. Unlike traditional lights, the followspot may be mounted across from or directly above the stage, generally on the catwalks. These spots produce high-intensity light and have a lens that can be manually focused. It can be fit with a piece of color-changing equipment, color gels or gobo holder to create a number of effects.
The beam projector spotlight is a specialty light that produces a low beam and a short spread. It is designed using a pair of reflectors: parabolic and spherical. The light is sent out in near perfect parallel beams, which creates a difficult-to-control beam and one that isn't easy to modify. Today, these designs are used less than newer models because they are difficult to maneuver and provide little chance at altering light or creating different effects.