1. Parallel Plots: Shakespeare uses separate plotlines that run parallel to each other. This creates a sense of urgency and suspense as the audience follows multiple events happening simultaneously.
2. Abbreviated Scenes: Many scenes in Act IV are much shorter than those in previous acts. This keeps the action moving quickly and prevents the play from becoming bogged down in lengthy dialogue or exposition.
3. Swift Transitions: Shakespeare uses quick transitions between scenes to maintain the rapid pace. This is achieved by using short transitional lines, swift entrances and exits, and minimal stage directions.
4. Increased Conflict: The conflict intensifies in Act IV, with several confrontations and confrontational scenes. This adds to the sense of urgency and keeps the audience engaged in the plot.
5. Climactic Events: Act IV contains several climactic events, including the deaths of Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Ophelia. This further increases the pace and builds anticipation for the final act of the play.
Overall, Shakespeare's use of parallel plots, abbreviated scenes, swift transitions, increased conflict, and climactic events creates a sense of urgency and excitement in Act IV of Hamlet, driving the play towards its tragic conclusion.