1. Plot: The plot is the main storyline of the play, which involves a conflict or problem that the characters must overcome.
2. Characters: The characters are the individuals who appear in the play and drive the story forward. Characters can be protagonists (main characters), antagonists (opposing characters), or secondary characters (supporting roles).
3. Dialogue: Dialogue refers to the conversations and interactions between characters in the play. It helps convey information, advance the plot, and reveal the characters' thoughts and feelings.
4. Setting: The setting refers to the time and place in which the play takes place. It includes the physical environment, historical period, and social context.
5. Theme: The theme is the central idea or message of the play. It often deals with universal human experiences, emotions, or conflicts.
6. Structure: The structure refers to the organization of the play into acts, scenes, and sometimes, prologues, epilogues, or intermissions.
7. Conflict: Conflict is a key element in most plays. It can be internal (within a character) or external (between characters). Conflict drives the plot and creates tension.
8. Resolution: The resolution refers to the way in which the conflict is resolved or concluded in the play.
9. Catharsis: Catharsis is an emotional release or purification experienced by the audience as a result of witnessing the play's events and emotions.
10. Performance: A play is meant to be performed live by actors on a stage. The performance can include elements such as movement, gestures, costumes, lighting, music, and sound effects to enhance the storytelling.