- Tradition: Tevye and his family are deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, but the modern world is beginning to challenge these traditions. This conflict is represented by characters like Perchik, a young man who embraces new ideas and challenges the status quo.
- Poverty: The villagers of Anatevka are poor, and this poverty puts a strain on their lives and relationships. It also makes them vulnerable to exploitation by outsiders, such as the Tsarist government.
- Anti-Semitism: The villagers of Anatevka are subjected to anti-Semitism from the Russian government and from other gentiles. This discrimination makes it difficult for them to live their lives freely and safely.
- Tsarist government: The Tsarist government is a powerful and oppressive force that controls the lives of the villagers. It imposes heavy taxes, enforces strict regulations, and persecutes Jews.
These are just some of the forces that oppose Tevye and his family. The story of Fiddler on the Roof is about how Tevye and his family navigate these challenges and ultimately find a way to maintain their traditions and way of life.