1. Growing Interest in Classical Antiquity: The Enlightenment witnessed a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman literature and culture. Opera, with its roots in ancient Greek drama, provided an ideal medium for composers to explore these classical themes and subjects.
2. Emphasis on Emotion and Expression: The Enlightenment placed great importance on emotional expression and the exploration of human passions and sentiments. Opera, through its combination of music, drama, and visual spectacle, offered a powerful platform for conveying emotions and creating profound dramatic effects.
3. Artistic Patronage: The Enlightenment period saw the rise of enlightened monarchs and wealthy patrons who supported the arts and encouraged artistic expression. Many composers received financial support and patronage from these individuals, which enabled them to compose and stage their operas.
4. Development of Musical Techniques: The 18th century witnessed significant advancements in musical techniques, including the development of new instruments, compositional forms, and performance practices. These advancements contributed to the evolution of opera as a musical genre and increased its appeal to composers and musicians.
5. Theatrical Spectacle: Opera offered composers and musicians the opportunity to create elaborate theatrical productions that combined music, singing, acting, and visual elements. This spectacle, featuring lavish costumes, stage machinery, and elaborate sets, captivated audiences and became a defining characteristic of Enlightenment opera.
6. Collaboration and Interdisciplinarity: Opera encouraged collaboration between composers, librettists, set designers, and performers, fostering a sense of interdisciplinary creativity. This collaboration allowed for the creation of complex and multifaceted works that celebrated the harmonious integration of various art forms.
In summary, the Enlightenment's emphasis on classical themes, emotional expression, artistic patronage, musical advancements, theatrical spectacle, and interdisciplinary collaboration contributed to the heightened appeal of operas among composers and musicians during this era.