Early Years (1913 to 1930)
The Apollo Theater first opened its doors in 1913 as a burlesque house called Hurtig's Music Hall. In 1914, it was renamed the Apollo Theater and began to feature vaudeville acts, often starring African American performers. By 1925, the Apollo was showcasing some of the biggest names in Black entertainment, including Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Armstrong.
The Golden Age (1930s to 1950s)
During the 1930s and 1940s, the Apollo Theater became known as the "Showplace of the Nation" and was an important stop on the "Chitlin' Circuit," a network of venues that featured African American performers. The theater hosted some of the most iconic live performances in music history, including Ella Fitzgerald's "A Night at the Apollo," Billie Holiday's "Strange Fruit," and James Brown's "I Feel Good."
In 1934, the Apollo Theater launched its nationally syndicated radio show, "Amateur Night at the Apollo," which gave talented amateurs the chance to perform on stage and compete for a cash prize. The show became an instant success and ran for over six decades, helping to launch the careers of many famous entertainers, including Jimi Hendrix, Luther Vandross, and Lauryn Hill.
Decline and Revival (1960s to 1980s)
The Apollo Theater began to decline in the 1960s as the rise of television and the integration of the music industry reduced the demand for live performances. By the mid-1970s, the theater was in serious financial trouble and was on the verge of closing.
However, in 1981, the theater was purchased by a non-profit organization dedicated to restoring it to its former glory. Over the next few years, the Apollo underwent a major renovation and began to host a new generation of performers, including D'Angelo, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson.
Today
Today, the Apollo Theater is once again one of the most important venues for live music and performing arts in the United States. The theater hosts a wide variety of performances, including concerts, plays, and comedy shows. It also continues to host "Amateur Night at the Apollo," which is now the longest-running live talent show in the world.
The Apollo Theater is a National Historic Landmark and a symbol of the rich history and culture of African American entertainment.