* Royalties: The composer and librettist typically receive a percentage of the ticket sales for each performance of the opera. This percentage is negotiated between the composer and librettist and the opera company.
* Performance fees: In addition to royalties, the composer and librettist may also receive a performance fee for each performance of the opera. This fee is typically a flat rate, and it is not based on the ticket sales.
* Mechanical royalties: The composer and librettist may also receive mechanical royalties for the sale of recordings of the opera. These royalties are paid by the record company to the composer and librettist, and they are based on the number of copies of the recording that are sold.
* Publishing royalties: The composer and librettist may also receive publishing royalties for the sale of sheet music for the opera. These royalties are paid by the music publisher to the composer and librettist, and they are based on the number of copies of the sheet music that are sold.
In addition to these sources of income, the composer and librettist may also receive grants and awards for their work. These grants and awards can be from a variety of sources, including government agencies, foundations, and private individuals.