* Call and response: One performer plays a phrase or melody, and the other performer responds with a similar phrase or melody.
* Trading fours: Two performers take turns playing solos for four measures each.
* Coltrane changes: A performer plays a series of rapid chord changes, and the other performer improvises over the changes.
* Head arrangement: In this type of improvisation, the performer creates a new arrangement of a pre-existing piece of music. This can be done by changing the melody, harmony, or rhythm of the original piece.