The Micmacs were egalitarian in their social structure, with a chief who was elected by consensus and who had very little power.
The Micmac were organized in bands of about 150 people. Each band was led by a chief, who was chosen based on his hunting and leadership skills. The chief made decisions in consultation with a council of elders. The band was divided into family units, each of which was led by a family head. The family head was responsible for the well-being of his family and for providing them with food and shelter. The Micmacs also had a system of clans, each of which had its own hunting territory and ceremonial rites. The clans were responsible for maintaining social order and for organizing ceremonies and festivals.
Social Classes
The Micmacs traditionally had three social classes: chiefs, warriors, and commoners. Chiefs were responsible for leading the tribe, making decisions, and settling disputes. Warriors were responsible for protecting the tribe from enemies. Commoners made up the majority of the population and were responsible for hunting, gathering, and fishing.
Chiefs
The Micmacs had a hereditary chieftainship, with the son of the chief succeeding him upon his death. Chiefs were responsible for leading the tribe in war and peace, making decisions, and settling disputes. They also had the power to appoint other chiefs and to remove them from office. Chiefs were respected for their wisdom, courage, and leadership skills.
Warriors
Warriors were the protectors of the tribe. They were responsible for defending the tribe from enemies, hunting for food, and providing security for the tribe. Warriors were also responsible for carrying out the orders of the chiefs. They were respected for their bravery, strength, and loyalty.
Commoners
Commoners made up the majority of the Micmac population. They were responsible for hunting, gathering, and fishing. They also built homes, made clothing, and raised children. Commoners were respected for their hard work, wisdom, and knowledge of the land.