1.Newspeak: Syme explains that the purpose of Newspeak is to limit the range of thought available to the citizens of Oceania. By gradually eliminating words from the language that express complex or dissenting ideas, the government ensures that people cannot even contemplate concepts that challenge the Party's control. This manipulation of language also makes it impossible to accurately express one's thoughts and emotions.
2.Doublethink: Winston and Syme discuss the concept of doublethink, which involves holding two contradictory ideas in one's mind simultaneously. For instance, the government claims to be fighting for peace while simultaneously waging war, and citizens must accept this contradiction without question. Doublethink allows the Party to maintain control over the population by making it impossible to think logically or critically.
3.Historical Revisionism: Syme reveals that the Ministry of Truth, where he works, is constantly rewriting history to serve the Party's needs. Facts are changed, events are forgotten, and individuals are erased from existence to create an alternative version of the past that is more favourable to the regime. This manipulation of history prevents people from forming accurate knowledge or understanding the true nature of the society they live in.
4.Ignorance is Strength: Syme quotes a Party slogan, "Ignorance is strength," which encapsulates the government's philosophy of keeping the general population in a state of mental and emotional ignorance. By controlling access to information and limiting the capacity to think critically, the government prevents people from realising the reality of their society and potential for rebellion.
5.Power of Language: Winston and Syme acknowledge the immense power of language to shape reality and control thought. They recognize the crucial role language plays in maintaining the government's control and its ability to create and manipulate perceptions.
Ultimately, the discussion between Winston and Syme highlights the oppressive nature of the Inner Party philosophy, which aims to control every aspect of citizen's lives, including their language, history, and understanding of reality. By eliminating any possibilities for dissent or independent through, the Party ensures its unwavering dominance over the society of Oceania.