What is one of the central tensions in Death a Salesman?

The play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller grapples with several tensions, but a central conflict is the protagonist Willy Loman's struggle to reconcile his illusions and fantasies with the harsh realities of life. Willy clings to grandiose self-perceptions and believes in the pursuit of the American Dream, which revolves around material success, popularity, and achieving greatness. However, his actions and circumstances repeatedly reveal his shortcomings, disappointments, and frustrations.

Willy's inability to accept his mediocrity and confront his failures leads to an internal conflict between his dreams and the truth. He deludes himself into believing that his son Biff will become a successful athlete or businessman, despite the fact that Biff lacks talent and drive. Willy's unrealistic expectations and constant pressure place a strain on his relationship with his family, particularly Biff.

Willy's fantasies and reality clash in his flashbacks, where he reminisces about the past with rose-colored glasses, idolizes his brother Ben's supposed achievements, and clings to the ideals of self-made success that society has sold him. Yet, these illusions clash with the harsh truths of his struggles, financial difficulties, and the lack of fulfillment he feels in his career and personal life.

The tension between Willy's grandiose self-image and the reality of his situation generates anxiety, inner turmoil, and frustration within the character. Ultimately, this tension contributes to Willy's tragic downfall and his disillusionment with the American Dream.