The closest subject in the wizarding world to physics is "Arithmancy", which involves the study of numbers and their magical properties. While not directly related to the laws of physics as we know them, it does involve understanding patterns and relationships, which can be considered a form of magical reasoning.
However, there are no classes that directly teach about things like gravity, motion, or electricity. This makes sense considering the magical nature of the wizarding world and the fact that many of those laws are likely to be different.