* Marullus: In Act 1, Scene 1, Marullus speaks a few lines in Greek, mostly to chastise the commoners for their fickle nature. He uses the phrase "O, you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome" in Greek, which is "Ω σκληροὶ καρδία, ὦ σκληροὶ ἄνδρες Ῥωμαίων".
* Artemidorus: In Act 2, Scene 3, Artemidorus, a soothsayer, speaks a few lines in Greek. His exact lines are not important, but the fact that he speaks Greek adds to the dramatic tension as Caesar ignores him.
While these are the only instances of characters speaking full sentences in Greek, there are also a few instances where Greek words or phrases are used for specific effect:
* "Et tu, Brute?": This famous line, uttered by Caesar as he is being assassinated, is often translated as "And you, Brutus?" However, the original Latin phrase "Et tu, Brute?" is actually a direct translation of the Greek "καὶ σὺ, τέκνον;". This suggests that Caesar might have been thinking in Greek at that moment, adding to the sense of betrayal and tragedy.
Overall, Greek is used sparingly but significantly in "Julius Caesar". It highlights the characters' education, the historical context of Rome's relationship with Greece, and the dramatic irony and tension of the play.