1. Buck, the protagonist dog: Throughout the book, Buck is described with human-like thoughts, emotions, and motivations. He is said to experience love, loyalty, anger, fear, and joy, just like a human would.
2. The sled dogs: Buck and the other sled dogs are often described in human terms. London attributes thoughts and feelings to them, such as camaraderie, loyalty, and fear of punishment.
3. Wild animals: Even wild animals, such as bears and wolves, are sometimes given human-like qualities. For example, a wolf is described as having a "wolfish grin," humanizing its expression.
4. Nature itself: London occasionally personifies nature, describing it as having emotions and intentions. For instance, the wilderness is depicted as a harsh and unfeeling force that tests Buck and the other animals' survival instincts.
By using anthropomorphism, London draws readers closer to the animal characters, making them more relatable and emotionally resonant. This technique enhances the book's themes and allows the author to explore complex human emotions and conflicts through animal characters.