* Plot (mythos): The plot should be well-structured and engaging, with a clear beginning, middle, and end. It should also be morally instructive and arouse the emotions of pity and fear in the audience.
* Character (ethos): The characters should be well-developed and relatable, with clear motivations and flaws. They should also be consistent throughout the play and speak in a way that is appropriate to their status and situation.
* Thought (dianoia): The play should contain insightful thoughts and ideas, expressed in clear and concise language. The dialogue should be relevant to the plot and characters and help to develop the themes of the play.
* Diction (lexis): The language used in the play should be appropriate to the genre and style of the work, and it should be clear and easy to understand. The playwright should use a variety of rhetorical devices to create a vivid and memorable text.
* Spectacle (opsis): The visual elements of the play, such as scenery, costumes, and lighting, should be used to enhance the plot, characters, and themes of the play. Aristotle considered spectacle to be the least important element of tragedy.
* Song (melos): The musical elements of the play, such as songs, choruses, and dances, should be used to create atmosphere and heighten the emotions of the audience.