1. Prophecy and Fate: The play begins with the prophecy that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Despite efforts to avoid it, Oedipus unknowingly fulfils the prophecy, thus setting in motion the tragic events of the play. The idea of fate and the helplessness of individuals against predetermined destiny forms a central theme of the tragedy.
2. Ignorance and Self-Discovery: Oedipus, in his pursuit to uncover the truth about the murder of King Laius, unknowingly uncovers his own past and parentage. The revelation of his incestuous relationship with his mother, Jocasta, and the patricide he committed unknowingly creates a sense of horror and despair for Oedipus.
3. Tragic Flaw (Hamartia): The tragic flaw of Oedipus lies in his excessive pride, stubbornness, and desire to know the truth, even when it leads to his downfall. His unwavering determination to uncover the truth and his failure to heed warnings from Tiresias and others contribute to his tragic fate.
4. Anagnorisis (Recognition): Oedipus's gradual realization of his misdeeds and his descent into despair as he discovers the truth mark a key moment in the play. The recognition of his actions and their consequences leads to intense emotional suffering and anguish.
5. Catharsis: The audience experiences a sense of catharsis as they witness the emotional downfall of Oedipus and his suffering. This emotional release allows the viewers to reflect on the themes of human frailty, the unpredictable forces of fate, and the consequences of one's actions.