1. Full Name: Gaius Julius Caesar
2. Birth: Caesar was born on July 12 or 13, 100 BC (July 12 is celebrated as 'Dies Natalis' or birthday in the Julian calendar) in the ancient city of Rome, into a patrician family.
3. Military Campaigns: Caesar gained fame through his military campaigns. He conquered Gaul (present-day France and parts of Belgium, Switzerland, and Germany) between 58-50 BC, expanding the Roman Republic's territory.
4. Roman Civil War: Caesar's refusal to disband his army after the Gallic Wars led to a civil war against his political rival Pompey the Great. Caesar emerged victorious and became the first dictator of the Roman Republic.
5. Triumphs and Conquests: Caesar's military successes earned him several triumphs, which were ceremonial processions held to honor victorious generals in ancient Rome. He also invaded Britain and made plans to conquer Parthia before his assassination.
6. Political Reforms: As a statesman, Caesar implemented various reforms, including the Julian Calendar (named after him), the expansion of Roman citizenship to more individuals, and the establishment of colonies to settle Roman veterans.
7. Writing and Literature: Caesar was not only a military and political figure but also a skilled orator and writer. His notable works include "Commentarii de Bello Gallico" (Commentaries on the Gallic War) and "Commentarii de Bello Civili" (Commentaries on the Civil War).
8. Assassination: On March 15, 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, who feared his growing power and ambitions to become a perpetual dictator.
9. Legacy: Julius Caesar's legacy remains significant. His military conquests, reforms, and contributions to literature have influenced Western civilization and continue to be studied today.
10. "Veni, vidi, vici" (I came, I saw, I conquered): Caesar is often associated with this famous Latin phrase, which he reportedly used to describe his swift victory in the Battle of Zela in 47 BC.