1. Oral Tradition: African drama draws heavily from oral traditions and storytelling practices passed down through generations. Traditional folktales, myths, legends, and proverbs often form the basis of dramatic works.
2. Ritualistic Elements: African drama incorporates ritualistic elements such as music, dance, chanting, drumming, and symbolic actions. Rituals serve as a means of expressing cultural beliefs, paying homage to ancestors, and communicating with spiritual realms.
3. Social Commentary: African plays frequently serve as a medium for social commentary, addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, corruption, gender roles, and historical events that impact society.
4. Political Themes: Political themes often take center stage in African drama. Plays explore the struggles for independence, postcolonial challenges, governance, power dynamics, and the role of the individual in society.
5. Ubuntu and Community: Ubuntu, a concept emphasizing interconnectedness and community, is a fundamental principle reflected in African drama. It highlights the importance of collective responsibility, unity, and cooperation.
6. Music and Dance: Music and dance are integral components of African drama, mirroring traditional performance practices and enriching the audience's experience. They serve as storytelling devices, enhance emotional impact, and create a vibrant atmosphere.
7. Humor: Many African plays incorporate humor as a means of entertainment, breaking tension, and conveying messages through satire. Humor often carries underlying messages about social issues or political critiques.
8. Language: While English is widely used in contemporary African drama, many productions also embrace indigenous languages to connect with specific communities and preserve cultural heritage. Multilingualism is not uncommon.
9. Audience Participation: Audience participation is sometimes encouraged in African drama. Spectators may be invited to join in singing, dancing, or engaging in interactive elements that blur the lines between performers and viewers.
10. Adaptability: African drama is continually evolving, with contemporary playwrights combining traditional elements with modern techniques, themes, and aesthetics to create diverse and dynamic theatrical experiences.
11. Themes of Identity: African drama often grapples with issues of identity, both on a personal and communal level. Characters explore their place within their communities, grapple with colonial legacies, and seek self-determination and empowerment.
12. Global Reach: African drama has gained international recognition and has been celebrated on global stages, contributing to a broader appreciation of African cultures, stories, and perspectives.