Scientific Progress and Ethical Dilemma: The novel's exploration of scientific hubris and its ethical consequences resonated with the fears and anxieties surrounding the rapid advancements in science and technology. Readers grappled with the moral implications of scientific experimentation, reflecting their own concerns about the potential dangers of unfettered scientific progress.
Enlightenment and Rationality: The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and rationality was reflected in the novel's portrayal of Victor Frankenstein's scientific pursuits. However, the creature's tragic existence challenged the limits of human reason and raised questions about the unintended consequences of scientific endeavors. Readers confronted their own assumptions about the power and limitations of human knowledge and understanding.
Romanticism and Nature: Romanticism's celebration of nature and the sublime found expression in the novel's vivid depiction of the natural world. Readers experienced a sense of awe and wonder at the grandeur of nature, while also contemplating its potential for both beauty and terror. The creature's longing for companionship and acceptance highlighted the human desire for connection and belonging in the midst of a vast and indifferent natural world.
Social Injustice and Class Divisions: The novel's portrayal of social inequality and the plight of the lower classes mirrored real-world concerns about poverty, labor conditions, and the exploitation of marginalized individuals. Readers were compelled to reflect on their own social responsibilities and the consequences of societal injustices, as the creature's rage and suffering brought to light the darker aspects of human society.
Human Nature and Identity: Frankenstein raised profound questions about human nature, identity, and the complexities of existence. Readers were invited to examine their own hopes, fears, and desires through the lens of the creature's experiences, considering what it means to be human and the significance of compassion, empathy, and acceptance in shaping individual and collective identities.
By engaging with these social and historical contexts, readers of Frankenstein were challenged to critically evaluate their own beliefs, values, and assumptions. The novel's provocative themes and thought-provoking narrative continue to resonate with readers, inviting them to explore the intersections between scientific advancement, human responsibility, and the nature of existence.