Here's a breakdown:
* Fear of annihilation: Humanity is terrified of the Formics (Buggers), an alien species that nearly destroyed Earth in a previous invasion. This fear drives the creation of Battle School, where children are trained to be ruthless commanders, ready to fight and win a second, inevitable war.
* Desire for peace: Ender, the protagonist, is a brilliant strategist who desires peace. He understands the cost of war and wants to find a way to resolve the conflict without violence.
* The conflict within Ender: Ender struggles with the conflicting demands of Battle School, which pushes him to be a ruthless warrior, and his own desire for a peaceful solution. He must confront the ethical implications of his actions and find a way to reconcile the two.
* The cost of war: The story explores the human cost of war, both on the battlefield and on the psychological well-being of those involved. Ender is forced to confront the consequences of his decisions and the emotional toll of killing, even if it is for the greater good.
Ultimately, the human conflict in Ender's Game is about the struggle to overcome fear and embrace empathy, even in the face of existential threat. It challenges us to question the methods we use to achieve peace and the sacrifices we are willing to make in the name of security.