Here's how it breaks down:
* The Victim: The victim is the Red-Headed League itself, which is a fake organization set up by the villain, Jabez Wilson.
* The Crime: The villain, using the alias of "John Clay," employs Wilson to be a member of the league, taking him away from his job at a pawn shop. This is done to create a distraction, so that Clay's accomplice can dig a tunnel from Wilson's shop to the bank next door.
* The Goal: The ultimate goal is to rob the bank through the tunnel.
So, while there's no robbery *yet* when the story begins, the fraudulent nature of the league is the crime that sets the entire plot in motion.