1. Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
- Significant Greek victory over the Persian invasion attempt in ancient Greece.
2. Battle of Hastings (1066)
- Norman invasion of England led by William the Conqueror, changing the course of English history.
3. Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
- A series of conflicts between England and France over territorial claims.
4. Fall of Constantinople (1453)
- The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople, leading to the downfall of the Byzantine Empire.
5. American Revolution (1775-1783)
- Founding of the United States after its war of independence against Great Britain.
6. French Revolution (1789-1799)
- Overthrow of the French monarchy, leading to significant political and societal changes.
7. Battle of Waterloo (1815)
- Decisive defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the coalition forces of the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
8. American Civil War (1861-1865)
- Conflict between the Union (Northern states) and the Confederacy (Southern states) in the United States over slavery.
9. World War I (1914-1918)
- Global conflict that began in Europe and involved major powers in an unprecedented scale.
10. Russian Revolution (1917)
- Bolshevik-led overthrow of the provisional government in Russia, leading to the rise of the Soviet Union.
11. World War II (1939-1945)
- Global conflict involving military operations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific.
12. Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945)
- United States' atomic bombings of the Japanese cities during World War II.
13. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
- Tense standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union over nuclear weapons placed in Cuba by the Soviets.
14. Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
- Symbolic end of the Cold War divide between East and West Germany.
15. Gulf War (1990-1991)
- Coalition forces led by the United States engage in military conflict with Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait.
16. The War on Terror (2001-present)
- Response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, focusing on combating extremism and dismantling terrorist networks.