Practice proper breathing. Improper breathing causes vocal tension, which can lead to scratchy voice, inability to hit high notes, weak vocal sound, pitch problems and shortness of breath mid-song. To breathe properly, expand the diaphragm on the front, back and sides of the lungs properly hold incoming air. Use pelvic muscles and roll hips forward gently to lift and support the swelled diaphragm.
Warm up the voice with scales. The vocal chords are like muscles, which must by warmed and stretched before use to avoid damage. Practice several full scales before singing. Do vocal warmups in the shower, if possible, since steam opens the throat and windpipe. Alternatively, hum a familiar or favorite tune before opening the mouth to sing.
Keep vocal chords warm and moist to ensure best function. Avoid dry climates. Use a humidifier, if necessary, in rooms where you spend time so that your throat and mouth do not dry. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep mouth, throat and vocal chords properly hydrated.
Rest your vocal chords after rigorous practice or performances. Allow your vocal chords time to recuperative from activity. Ease tension in the mouth by relaxing the jaw and letting the tongue slack and rest. Avoid singing if you are sick or have a sore throat, as you may damage your vocal chords from over-straining them.