What is toasting in rapping?

In hip-hop culture, "toasting" is the act of delivering a boastful or celebratory speech or rap, often during a performance. Similar to the Jamaican tradition of "dub poets" who creatively recite rhythmic lyrics over instrumental music, toasting in hip-hop involves rhymed storytelling, skillful wordplay, and energetic delivery.

Typically, toasting is done without musical accompaniment and is characterized by a call-and-response dynamic with the audience. The toaster hypes up the crowd and engages in lyrical improvisation, often making use of metaphors, punchlines, and quick wit.

Toasting originated in the Bronx, New York City, during the early years of hip-hop. It was a foundational element of the culture and can be traced back to the block parties and open mics of the 1970s. Artists such as Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, and Duke Bootee are considered pioneers of toasting.

Over time, the art of toasting evolved and merged with other elements of hip-hop, including rapping and DJing. While less prevalent in contemporary hip-hop, toasting remains an influential and respected aspect of the culture, preserving its storytelling tradition and raw energy.