1. Selecting and Preparing the Wood:
Artisans typically start by choosing a suitable piece of wood. The most commonly used wood species for djembes are African mahogany, iroko, and lenke. The logs must be seasoned or aged to remove moisture, which can take several weeks to months.
2. Carving the Body:
Using hand tools, the artisan carves the log into the desired djembe shape. This involves carefully shaping the body while ensuring uniform thickness throughout.
3. Hollowing the Interior:
The next step is to hollow out the interior of the djembe. This is usually done using hand-held carving tools or chisels. Creating the right internal cavity contributes to the djembe's distinct sound.
4. Finishing the Exterior:
After the interior is carved, the artisan works on smoothing and refining the exterior surface. This involves sanding and polishing the wood to achieve a smooth finish.
5. Attaching the Skin:
The goatskin head of the djembe is usually sourced locally. The artisan stretches the skin over the open end of the drum and secures it with tension ropes or cords. This can be a delicate process, as too much tension can damage the skin, while too little tension will compromise the sound.
6. Crafting the Rims:
Separate rings of wood or metal are crafted and then attached to the top and bottom of the djembe as rims. These rims protect the skin and provide reinforcement.
7. Adding Decorative Elements:
Depending on cultural traditions, some djembes may feature decorative elements such as carvings, paintings, or beads.
8. Tuning the Drum:
Once the djembe is assembled, it undergoes a tuning process. The artisan adjusts the tension of the ropes to achieve the desired pitch and tone.
9. Testing and Final Touches:
The completed djembe is tested for sound quality and tone. Any remaining adjustments are made before it's considered ready.
Throughout the process, the artisan's skill, attention to detail, and cultural influences play crucial roles in shaping the unique characteristics and sound of each djembe.