Early Soul (1960-1963):
* Influenced by gospel and rhythm & blues.
* Strong vocal performances and a focus on emotion.
* Artists: Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, Otis Redding, Aretha Franklin (early recordings)
Motown Soul (1960-1970):
* A highly polished and commercial sound.
* Emphasis on catchy melodies, tight arrangements, and sophisticated production.
* Artists: The Supremes, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, The Temptations
Stax/Volt Soul (1960-1970):
* A raw, gritty sound with a strong blues influence.
* Emphasis on powerful vocals, driving rhythms, and soulful lyrics.
* Artists: Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Wilson Pickett, Booker T. & the M.G.'s
"Sweet Soul" (Mid-1960s):
* A smooth and sophisticated style, often with jazz influences.
* Emphasis on romantic lyrics, lush arrangements, and soulful vocals.
* Artists: Marvin Gaye, Lou Rawls, Smokey Robinson
"Northern Soul" (1960s-1970s):
* A subgenre that emerged in the UK.
* Focused on obscure and rare soul records from the US.
* Emphasis on energy, raw vocals, and danceable grooves.
* Artists: The Four Tops, The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas
"Funk Soul" (Late 1960s):
* A more rhythmic and groove-oriented style, with an emphasis on instrumentation.
* Influenced by jazz and Latin music.
* Artists: James Brown, Sly & the Family Stone, Parliament
"Psychedelic Soul" (Late 1960s):
* A blend of soul and psychedelic rock.
* Emphasis on experimental sounds, complex arrangements, and introspective lyrics.
* Artists: The Isley Brothers, The Four Tops, The Supremes
This is not an exhaustive list, as the 1960s saw a remarkable explosion of creativity and innovation in soul music. It was a time when the genre truly came into its own, shaping the musical landscape of the decade and beyond.